About Malaysia
About Malaysia
Malaysia, the full name of the Federation of Malaysia ( Malaysia , formerly Malaya ), referred to as Malaysia. It is the Federation of Malaysia divided into two parts by the South China Sea. West Malaysia in the Malay Peninsula, Thailand in the north , and the Johor Strait in the south , connecting Singapore with the New Johor Causeway and the Second Channel ; East Malaysia, in the north of Borneo ( Kalimantan Island ), and Gary in Indonesia in the south Mandan and Brunei are sandwiched between Sabah and Sarawak .
1957 Nian 8 Yue 31 days, President of the Union of Malaya Tunku Abdul Rahman declared independence. In 1963 , Malaya joined forces with Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to form the Federation of Malaysia. 1965 Nian 8 months, Malaysia, Singapore seceded from the union. The capital is Kuala Lumpur, and the federal government is located in Putrajaya . Malaysia is one of the founding countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, a member country of the Indian Ocean Rim Cooperation , Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation , Commonwealth , Non-Aligned Movement and Organization of the Islamic Conference . The main military operations involved are the joint defense of the five countries and United Nations peacekeeping operations.
The country is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which has played a big role in politics. The Constitution stipulates that Islam is the state religion and protects freedom of religious belief. The government system closely mimics Westminster ’s parliamentary system and legal system based on common law. The head of state is the king and is called the supreme head. The head of government is the prime minister .
Malaysia is an emerging diversified economic country. The economy advanced by leaps and bounds in the 1990s , making it one of the " four tigers in Asia " . Malaysia has become a strikingly diversified emerging industrial country in Asia and the world's emerging market economies. Tourism is the third largest source of foreign exchange income in Malaysia , and the knowledge economy service industry is also expanding simultaneously.
Climate characteristics
Malaysia because in the equatorial nearby, belonging to the tropical rain forest climate and tropical monsoon climate , no significant seasonal points, the year the temperature difference changes little the average temperature at 26 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ between, the annual rainfall, 3 months to 6 Yue and 10 months to next year 2 months is the rainy season . The average annual temperature in the inland mountainous areas is 22 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ , and the coastal plain is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ .
population
As of 2015 , the total population of Malaysia is 30,638,600 . Among them, Malays are 56% , Chinese are 23% , Indians are 7.3% , and other races are 0.7% . Malay is the national language, general English, and Chinese are widely used. Islam is the state religion, and other religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity. Malaysia ’s Human Development Index is 0.773 ( 2014 ), which is at a high level.
According to the constitutional definition, Malays are Muslims who practice Malay customs (customary law) and culture . They have political dominance. Indigenous status also grants certain non-indigenous Malays, including Thai , Khmer , Cham and Sabah and Sarawak indigenous. Non-Malay indigenous people make up more than half of the population in Sarawak and more than 2 \ 3 in Sabah . There are also a few indigenous groups on the peninsula , where they are collectively referred to as Orang Asli . The state laws and regulations regarding who can obtain indigenous status vary. As long as they are Bumi in Malaysia , they can enjoy discounts such as house discounts. Although both Chinese and Indians are Malaysians, they cannot enjoy this right because of their different skin colors.
Government
Malaysia implements constitutional monarchy (constitutional monarchy is divided into dual monarchy and parliamentary monarchy, and Malaysia belongs to parliamentary monarchy). For historical reasons, Sarawak and Sabah have greater autonomy.
The head of state of Malaysia is called the highest head of state of Malaysia , while the government is composed of the largest party or coalition in the lower house of parliament, and the leader is called the prime minister . Its political system is inherited from the Westminster system in Britain.
Natural resources
Malaysia is rich in natural resources. The production and exports of rubber, palm oil and pepper are among the highest in the world. Once a major tin- producing country in the world , due to over-exploitation, the output decreased year by year. Malaysia is rich in oil reserves, in addition to iron, gold, tungsten, coal, bauxite, manganese and other minerals. Rich in tropical hardwood.
In the primeval forest of Malaysia, there are extinct exotic animals and rare birds, such as flying lemurs, long-limbed brown-haired giant apes, white rhinos and orangutans, etc. There are also many wild animals such as birds, snakes, crocodiles and insects. . Orchid, giant ape and butterfly are known as the three treasures of Malaysia.
economic
Malaysia is a relatively open national interests guide to the industrialized and emerging market economies. The country has played an important role in guiding economic activities through macroeconomic plans, but its importance has gradually declined. In order to diversify the economy and reduce the dependence of the Malaysian economy on export goods, the government is promoting tourism in Malaysia. Therefore, tourism has become the third largest source of foreign exchange income in Malaysia, but it is being threatened by air and water pollution and deforestation caused by the growing industrial economy. Malaysia has developed into a center of Islamic banks , and the country has the largest number of female workers in Islamic banks. Knowledge industry
The Malaysian government encourages the processing industry, which is mainly based on domestic raw materials, and focuses on the development of electronics, automobiles, steel, petrochemicals and textiles.
Foreign policy
Malaysia pursues an independent, neutral and non- diplomatic foreign policy. Treat ASEAN as the cornerstone of foreign policy and give priority to developing relations with ASEAN countries. Attach importance to developing relations with major powers. It is a member of the Commonwealth and has more contacts with its member countries. Has established diplomatic relations with 131 countries.